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 <item rdf:about="http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/event/html/id/4/Biometrics-Technologies-Systems-and-Challenges">
  <title><![CDATA[Biometrics: Technologies, Systems and Challenges]]></title>
  <link>http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/event/html/id/4/Biometrics-Technologies-Systems-and-Challenges</link>
  <description><![CDATA[Biometrics is an emerging field of technology using unique and measurable physical, biological, or behavioral characteristics that can be processed electronically to establish identification, and to perform identity verification or automated recognition of a living person. These physical attributes include facial appearance, fingerprints, hand geometry, handwriting, iris, retina, veins, and voice.  Biometric systems verify or identify a person's identity based on unique physical attributes. B...]]></description>
  <dc:date>2003-11-07</dc:date>
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 <item rdf:about="http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/879/Managing-Cybersecurity-at-the-Grassroots-Evidence-from-the-First-Nationwide-Survey-of-Local-Government-Cybersecurity">
  <title><![CDATA[Managing Cybersecurity at the Grassroots: Evidence from the First Nationwide Survey of Local Government Cybersecurity]]></title>
  <link>http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/879/Managing-Cybersecurity-at-the-Grassroots-Evidence-from-the-First-Nationwide-Survey-of-Local-Government-Cybersecurity</link>
  <description><![CDATA[This paper, based on data from the first nationwide survey of cybersecurity among local or grassroots governments in the United States, examines how these governments manage this important function. As we have shown elsewhere, cybersecurity among local governments is increasingly important because these governments are under constant or nearly constant cyberattack. Due to the frequency of cyberattacks, as well as the probability that at least some attacks will succeed and cause damage to loca...]]></description>
  <dc:date>2020-04-17</dc:date>
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 <item rdf:about="http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/923/Managing-Cybersecurity-at-the-Grassroots-Evidence-from-the-First-Nationwide-Survey-of-Local-Government-Cybersecurity">
  <title><![CDATA[Managing Cybersecurity at the Grassroots: Evidence from the First Nationwide Survey of Local Government Cybersecurity]]></title>
  <link>http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/923/Managing-Cybersecurity-at-the-Grassroots-Evidence-from-the-First-Nationwide-Survey-of-Local-Government-Cybersecurity</link>
  <description><![CDATA[This paper, based on data from the first nationwide survey of cybersecurity among local or grassroots governments in the United States, examines how these governments manage this important function. As we have shown elsewhere, cybersecurity among local governments is increasingly important because these governments are under constant or nearly constant cyberattack. Due to the frequency of cyberattacks, as well as the probability that at least some attacks will succeed and cause damage to loca...]]></description>
  <dc:date>2020-04-11</dc:date>
 </item>
 <item rdf:about="http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/849/Cyberattacks-at-the-Grass-Roots-American-Local-Governments-and-the-Need-for-High-Levels-of-Cybersecurity">
  <title><![CDATA[Cyberattacks at the Grass Roots: American Local Governments and the Need for High Levels of Cybersecurity]]></title>
  <link>http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/849/Cyberattacks-at-the-Grass-Roots-American-Local-Governments-and-the-Need-for-High-Levels-of-Cybersecurity</link>
  <description><![CDATA[This article examines data from the first‐ever nationwide survey of cybersecurity among American local governments. The data show that these governments are under constant or near‐constant cyberattack, yet, on average, they practice cybersecurity poorly. While nearly half reported experiencing cyberattacks at least daily, one‐third said that they did not know whether they were under attack, and nearly two‐thirds said that they did not know whether their information systems had been br...]]></description>
  <dc:date>2019-02-21</dc:date>
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 <item rdf:about="http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/836/Cybersecurity-at-the-Grassroots-American-Local-Governments-and-the-Challenges-of-Internet-Security">
  <title><![CDATA[Cybersecurity at the Grassroots: American Local Governments and the Challenges of Internet Security]]></title>
  <link>http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/836/Cybersecurity-at-the-Grassroots-American-Local-Governments-and-the-Challenges-of-Internet-Security</link>
  <description><![CDATA[In this paper, we examine cybersecurity challenges faced by America’s local governments, including: the extent of cyberattacks; problems faced in preventing attacks from being successful; barriers to providing high levels of cybersecurity management; and actions that local governments believe should be taken to improve cybersecurity practice. Our research method consisted of a focus group of information technology (IT) and cybersecurity officials from one American state. Our findings indica...]]></description>
  <dc:date>2018-09-26</dc:date>
 </item>
 <item rdf:about="http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/811/Cybersecurity-Challenges-to-American-Local-Governments">
  <title><![CDATA[Cybersecurity Challenges to American Local Governments]]></title>
  <link>http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/811/Cybersecurity-Challenges-to-American-Local-Governments</link>
  <description><![CDATA[In this paper we examine data from the first ever nationwide survey of cybersecurity among American local governments. We are particularly interested in understanding the threats to local government cybersecurity, their level of preparedness to address the threats, the barriers these governments encounter when deploying cybersecurity, the  policies, tools and practices that they employ to improve cybersecurity and, finally, the extent of awareness of and support for high levels of cybersecuri...]]></description>
  <dc:date>2017-06-12</dc:date>
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 <item rdf:about="http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/1171/Cyber-Security-at-the-Grassroots-Findings-from-a-Nationwide-Survey-of-Local-Government-CyberSecurity">
  <title><![CDATA[Cyber-Security at the Grassroots: Findings from a Nationwide Survey of Local Government CyberSecurity]]></title>
  <link>http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/1171/Cyber-Security-at-the-Grassroots-Findings-from-a-Nationwide-Survey-of-Local-Government-CyberSecurity</link>
  <description><![CDATA[During 2016, we conducted the first-ever nationwide survey of chief information officers (CIOs) or chief security officers (CISOs) or their equivalents in all US cities and counties with populations of 250,000 and greater on the subject of local government cybersecurity in order to learn the cybersecurity challenges facing these governments, the measures these governments take to address the challenges, the gaps between the challenges and measures taken by these governments to address them an...]]></description>
  <dc:date>2017-04-19</dc:date>
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  <title><![CDATA[UMBC/ICMA Survey of Local Government Cybersecurity Practices]]></title>
  <link>http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/818/-UMBC-ICMA-Survey-of-Local-Government-Cybersecurity-Practices</link>
  <description><![CDATA[In 2016, the International City/County Management Association (ICMA), in partnership with the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), conducted a survey to better understand local government cybersecurity practices. The results of this survey provide insights into the cybersecurity issues faced by U.S. local governments, including what their capacities are, what kind of barriers they face, and what type of support they have to implement cybersecurity programs.]]></description>
  <dc:date>2017-04-17</dc:date>
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 <item rdf:about="http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/1147/Cybersecurity-2016-Survey-Summary-Report-of-Survey-Results">
  <title><![CDATA[Cybersecurity 2016 Survey, Summary Report of Survey Results]]></title>
  <link>http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/1147/Cybersecurity-2016-Survey-Summary-Report-of-Survey-Results</link>
  <description><![CDATA[In 2016, the International City/County Management Association (ICMA), in partnership with the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), conducted a survey to better understand local government cybersecurity practices. The results of this survey provide insights into the cybersecurity issues faced by U.S. local governments, including what their capacities are, what kind of barriers they face, and what type of support they have to implement cybersecurity programs.]]></description>
  <dc:date>2017-04-01</dc:date>
 </item>
 <item rdf:about="http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/713/Cybersecurity-Challenges-to-American-State-and-Local-Governments">
  <title><![CDATA[Cybersecurity Challenges to American State and Local Governments]]></title>
  <link>http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/713/Cybersecurity-Challenges-to-American-State-and-Local-Governments</link>
  <description><![CDATA[In this paper, we examine cybersecurity challenges to American state and local governments. In particular, we address the extent and magnitude of cyberattacks against these governments, the problems these governments face in preventing attacks from being successful, the barriers to effective cybersecurity that they confront, and actions that they believe should be taken to improve cybersecurity practice.  Our research method consisted of a focus group of information technology (IT) and cybers...]]></description>
  <dc:date>2015-06-18</dc:date>
 </item>
 <item rdf:about="http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/1170/Cyber-Security-at-the-Grassroots-American-State-and-Local-Governments-and-the-Management-of-Website-Security">
  <title><![CDATA[Cyber-Security at the Grassroots: American State and Local Governments and the Management of Website Security]]></title>
  <link>http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/1170/Cyber-Security-at-the-Grassroots-American-State-and-Local-Governments-and-the-Management-of-Website-Security</link>
  <description><![CDATA[In December 2013, the authors of this paper conducted a focus group of chief information officers or chief security officers (or their equivalents) from five of the largest county governments in Maryland, the City of Baltimore, and the Maryland state government. Our purpose was to learn the cyber-security challenges facing these governments, the measures these governments take to address the challenges, the gaps between the challenges and measures taken by these governments to address them an...]]></description>
  <dc:date>2015-04-08</dc:date>
 </item>
 <item rdf:about="http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/resource/html/id/378/UMBC-ICMA-Survey-of-local-government-cybersecurity-practices">
  <title><![CDATA[UMBC/ICMA Survey of local government cybersecurity practices]]></title>
  <link>http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/resource/html/id/378/UMBC-ICMA-Survey-of-local-government-cybersecurity-practices</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ICMA Survey Research: Cybersecurity 2016 Survey

Results of a cybersecurity survey by ICMA and the University of Maryland Baltimore County.

In 2016, the International City/County Management Association (ICMA), in partnership with the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), conducted a survey to better understand local government cybersecurity practices. The results of this survey provide insights into the cybersecurity issues faced by U.S. local governments, including what their...]]></description>
  <dc:date>2018-04-17</dc:date>
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